Showing posts with label stimulus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label stimulus. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 6, 2016

Paul Krugman And His Cadre Of Idiot Sycophants

Paul Krugman has written blog posts and opinion pieces ad nauseam which urge increased government spending, as well as commenting on the positive or negative economic effects of a particular U.S. President's policies.  Despite his glaring public record of equating various economic outcomes with a sitting U.S. President, Paul Krugman has now claimed that only conservatives believe that presidents have a large effect on economic performance.

Yes, really.   Now according to Krugman, in direct contradiction to much of his past writing, the widespread belief that the President of the United States has a significant effect on the U.S. economy, is really a belief that only conservatives hold.

Here is one example opinion piece from Krugman in December of 2014, about what he calls 'Obamanomics', and its supposed positive effects on the U.S. economy --

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/29/opinion/paul-krugman-the-obama-recovery.html

The Obama Recovery
Paul Krugman   DEC. 28, 2014
...
What’s the important lesson from this late Obama bounce?  Mainly, I’d suggest, that everything you’ve heard about President Obama’s economic policies is wrong.
...

This story line never made much sense.  The truth is that the private sector has done surprisingly well under Mr. Obama, adding 6.7 million jobs since he took office, compared with just 3.1 million at this point under President George W. Bush. Corporate profits have soared, as have stock prices.  What held us back was unprecedented public-sector austerity: At this point in the Bush years, government employment was up by 1.2 million, but under Mr. Obama it’s down by 600,000. Sure enough, now that this de facto austerity is easing, the economy is perking up.

And what this bounce tells you is that the alleged faults of Obamanomics had nothing to do with the pain we were feeling.  We weren’t hurting because we were sick; we were hurting because we kept hitting ourselves with that baseball bat, and we’re feeling a lot better now that we’ve stopped.
...

So I’m fairly optimistic about 2015, and probably beyond, as long as we avoid any more self-inflicted damage.  Let’s just leave that baseball bat lying on the ground, O.K.?
...


As an aside, this is also another example of Krugman's own behavior providing a perfect example of the criticism he is making — in his hypocrisy, he often demonstrates his own accusation.  In the opinion piece quoted above, he describes bad economic consequences as self-inflicted damage.  That is, like 'hitting yourself in the head, repeatedly, with a baseball bat.'   He writes that we should avoid self-inflicted damage, while at the same he is an ardent defender of the absurd notion that there is an upside to the death and destruction of the ultimate 'baseball bat to the head', a World War —
      http://maxautonomy.blogspot.com/2014/09/oh-what-ugly-paul-krugman.html

But notice that it is completely nonsensical to name a supposed economic recovery after a sitting U.S. President, as Krugman did in the opinion piece quoted above, if you do not believe that President had an important responsibility in creating that economic event.

As a demonstration of the widespread belief beyond Krugman, that U.S. Presidents have a significant effect on the U.S. economy (whether right or wrong), consider this quote from the Wikipedia page on 'Jobs created during U.S. presidential terms', describing the many references made to a sitting President's supposed ability to 'create jobs' --

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobs_created_during_U.S._presidential_terms
Politicians and pundits frequently refer to the ability of the President of the United States to "create jobs" in the U.S. during his or her term in office. [1]
...


Or consider the expression 'Hooverville', which was the name used for the many shantytowns built during the Great Depression of the 1930's.  This name was deliberately chosen to mock the 31st President of the United States, Herbert Hoover, since so many people viewed Hoover as responsible for the Depression.  And do not forget that Hoover was a Republican, which means that Democrats (i.e. non-conservatives) believed the President's policies were critical

Homeless shantytown known as Hoovervile, Seattle, Washington, June 10, 1937
Homeless shantytown known as Hooverville, near the Skinner and Eddy Shipyards, Seattle, Washington, June 10, 1937
Anti-Hoover Campaign Poster Worn By Roosevelt Supporters in the 1930's
Anti-Hoover Campaign Poster Worn By Roosevelt Supporters in the 1930's

And for good measure, here is another blog post by Krugman, equating private employment changes with the sitting U.S. President's economic policies — this one-line post is fascinating in its deception (more about that later) --

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/obama-the-job-killer

Obama The Job-Killer
Paul Krugman   DECEMBER 27, 2015 2:43 PM
Cumulative change in private employment under Bush and Obama

Given the GOP field’s collective decision to go for Bushonomics squared, it seemed like a good time to update this chart.



Now notice that Krugman wrote the post quoted below, where he insists that only conservatives believe that presidents have a large effect on economic performance, only 3 days after the blog post above where he equated changes in private employment with the two presidents in office during those two time periods.

And even more, notice that Krugman claims that since 2010, the White House has had 'little influence' on the economy, because 'fiscal policy has been paralyzed by GOP obstruction'.  So the U.S. President can have a large effect on the economy, but only when a majority of Congress do not disagree and block the President's proposed actions.

Ponder that for a moment — if that damn GOP would stop pretending that the President has an effect on economic performance, and just let him do what he wants, then the President would have an effect on economic performance.

Brilliant Dr. Krugman! --

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/30/presidents-and-the-economy/#permid=17088120

Presidents and the Economy
Paul Krugman   DECEMBER 30, 2015 9:49 AM
Average Federal Tax Rates, by Before-Tax Income Group, 1979 to 2011
Congressional Budget Office

After I put up my post comparing private-sector jobs under Obama and Bush, a number of people asked me whether I believe that presidents have a large effect on economic performance.  My answer is no — but conservatives believe that they do, which is why this kind of comparison is useful.

To expand on my own views, in normal times the economy’s macroeconomic performance mainly depends on monetary policy, which isn’t under White House control.  Now, we’ve been in a liquidity trap for the whole Obama administration so far, giving fiscal policy a much more central role — and the initial stimulus did help quite a lot.  Since 2010, however, fiscal policy has been paralyzed by GOP obstruction, so we’re back to a situation where the WH has little influence.

The point, however, is that the right has insisted non-stop that Obama was doing terrible things to the economy — that health reform was a job-killer (one of the dozens of House votes repealing Obamacare was called the Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act.)  The tax hike on the top 1 percent in 2013 was also supposed to destroy the economy (much as the same people predicted disaster from the Clinton hike 20 years earlier.)  Financial reform was similarly supposed to be hugely destructive.  And there was constant invocation of the “Ma, he’s looking at me funny” doctrine — the claim that Obama, by not praising businessmen sufficiently, was scaring away the confidence fairy.

Given all that, the fact that the private sector has added more than twice as many jobs under that job-killing Obama as it did under pre-crisis Bush is important, not because Obama did it, but because it shows that there is no hint that the important things he did do had any negative effect at all, let alone the terrible effects right-wingers predicted.  You can, it turns out, tax the rich, regulate the banks, and expand health insurance coverage without punishment by the invisible hand.



A number of Krugman's readers commented on the post quoted above, to point out that Krugman's statements in the post are obviously false, but other readers normally responded to those critical comments in disagreement.   I was especially amused by the two responses below, where after one reader pointed out the absurdity of Krugman's statements, another responded in perfect Krugman fashion, by attempting to dissemble the obvious contradictions in Krugman's statements.

Notice that 'C' in the second comment below, seems to believe that it is meaningful to compare economic outcomes under different presidents, when you are convinced those presidents do not have a large effect on the economy.   So, why would anyone compare any outcomes under two different presidents, for which those presidents were not responsible? --

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/30/presidents-and-the-economy/#permid=17088120

Comment to Krugman's 'Presidents and the Economy', December 2015


Of course, the comment above by 'C' in response to 'Maitland' is absurd on its face.  It makes absolutely no sense to discuss economic events under any presidential term, if you really are convinced that sitting presidents are not important to the country's economic performance.  This is why you will not find articles, say, regarding the head of the Secret Service and economic performance — that is, everyone really does believe that the Secret Service has nothing to do with economic performance.

And notice this blatantly dishonest language quoted from 'C's' comment above regarding tax reductions for the rich (emphasis added) —
You can be against policies that give money to the rich ...
This is a typical propaganda technique — conflating the reduction of a tax payment from individuals (the Bush tax cuts he mentioned), with a gift from others to those individuals.   Obviously, this is not what is happening when tax rates are reduced.

And 'C's' closing line is absolutely comical.   In a comment denying that U.S. Presidents are important to the U.S. economy, 'C' closes by saying that a larger stimulus would have likely been helpful.   As if the sitting U.S. President has no effect on a government stimulus.

And in true Krugman fashion (demonstrating your own accusation), 'C', like many other comment posters on Krugman's blog, begins with an accusation regarding 'not doing your homework', and then proceeds to make a number of nonsensical and false statements, indicating that he needs to do a lot more homework.   Now that is a Krugman sycophant.

Here is another small sample of the same kind of nonsense from another Krugman lackey, 'Skeptic' --

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/30/presidents-and-the-economy/#permid=17086922

Comment to Krugman's 'Presidents and the Economy', December 2015


'Skeptic' might try following his own recommendation, by reading about where the expression 'Hooverville' came from, for just one example from history that directly contradicts his view, before he admonishes others to 'try reading history'.

And notice what The New York Times public editor had to say about Krugman back in 2005 — how dishonest do you think Krugman had to be before the paper's own ombudsman decided to call him on it publicly (in this polite way) ? --

http://www.nytimes.com/ref/weekinreview/okrent-bio.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/weekinreview/13-things-i-meant-to-write-about-but-never-did.html

13 Things I Meant to Write About but Never Did
DANIEL OKRENT   MAY 22, 2005
...
2. Op-Ed columnist Paul Krugman has the disturbing habit of shaping, slicing and selectively citing numbers in a fashion that pleases his acolytes but leaves him open to substantive assaults.  Maureen Dowd was still writing that Alberto R. Gonzales "called the Geneva Conventions 'quaint' " nearly two months after a correction in the news pages noted that Gonzales had specifically applied the term to Geneva provisions about commissary privileges, athletic uniforms and scientific instruments.  Before his retirement in January, William Safire vexed me with his chronic assertion of clear links between Al Qaeda and Saddam Hussein, based on evidence only he seemed to possess.

No one deserves the personal vituperation that regularly comes Dowd's way, and some of Krugman's enemies are every bit as ideological (and consequently unfair) as he is.  But that doesn't mean that their boss, publisher Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr., shouldn't hold his columnists to higher standards.

I didn't give Krugman, Dowd or Safire the chance to respond before writing the last two paragraphs.  I decided to impersonate an opinion columnist.
...



The deception regarding the chart that Krugman presented in his blog post 'Obama The Job-Killer', is a perfect demonstration of what Daniel Okrent complained about in the quote above back in 2005.

Krugman's chart comparing job creation under Obama and Bush II seems to put Obama in a positive light, but in truth the chart proves the opposite of the praise that Krugman has given Obama.  It is true that during the Obama administration more jobs were added than were added during the Bush II administration, just as Krugman's chart shows — but job creation while Bush II was in office was the worst when compared with all of the presidential terms going back to Lyndon Johnson.   So there is no reason for Obama supporters to be praising 'The Obama Recovery', as Krugman has done, since job creation under the Obama administration only slightly edged out one of the worst periods on record, up until the economy collapsed at the end of the housing bubble at the end of the Bush II administration.

That is, job creation under the Obama administration has now, finally, significantly passed that of the Bush II administration, but only because the economy was collapsing at the end of the Bush II administration due to the housing bubble.   Faint praise for Obama.

Now, are you surprised that in Krugman's chart showing the change in private employment under Obama, that Krugma also included only the single U.S. Presidential term with the lowest growth in private employment going back to Lyndon Johnson, that is, of Bush II — rather than some other Presidential term that would indicate Krugman's past praise of 'Obamanomics' was false?   If you claim surprise at Krugman's obviously misleading comparison, then either you do not regularly read Krugman's writings (good for you!), or you are lying.   Krugman proudly and routinely displays his ignorant bias, so it is impossible to enjoy his writing without possessing the same ignorant bias.   A critical reader would immediately be suspect of a chart comparing only two U.S. Presidents regarding something as general as changes in private employment, especially when the data for many U.S. Presidents is typically presented together, indicating that it probably took extra effort to compare two U.S. Presidents in isolation, as Krugman did in his previous blog post comparing Obama with Bush II.   But certainly no honest reader familiar with Krugman's style, would expect him to create any content that would seriously critique a big government politician like Obama (except perhaps to say that he were not big government enough).

But all of this misses the obvious point that government as a whole has a massive effect on the economy — it is silly to say that a U.S. President is largely responsible for economic performance (as Krugman has often done, his dishonest claim to the contrary notwithstanding), just as it would be silly to say the same of a single U.S. Senator — obviously, the actual laws that are enforced are what matters, and individuals can be crucial to the passage of a certain law, but some kind of consensus is always necessary.

Here is a more honest account of 'The Obama Recovery', and the partial control that U.S. Presidents have over the economy.  Of course, Krugman and his sycophants will never acknowledge any of this --

http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/12/05/in-ranking-presidents-by-job-creation-obama-still-lags/

In Ranking Presidents by Job Creation, Obama Still Lags
JOSH ZUMBRUN   Dec 5, 2014

President Barack Obama welcomed today’s jobs report, noting that the economy has now created 10.9 million jobs over the past 57 months.  This streak of growth is improving the net job creation over which Mr. Obama has presided, though among the last 10 presidents, Mr. Obama still ranks sixth in terms of job creation.
The economy has 5.7 million more jobs today than when Mr. Obama took office in January of 2009.  That puts his total job creation ahead of presidents John Kennedy, Gerald Ford, and George H.W. Bush, who each served one term or less.  It also puts him well ahead of President George W. Bush, whose final year in office also comprised the beginning to the longest and deepest recession since the Great Depression.

As we have noted before, evaluating the job creation during Mr. Obama’s presidency is skewed by the recession that was already underway when he took office.  The same challenge arises in looking at the presidency of Ronald Reagan, who took office just as the economy plunged into a deep recession. President Bill Clinton, by contrast, benefited from taking office as the economy had just begun to snap back from a recession.
...

A range of caveats apply. The president has, at best, only partial control over the course of the economy, especially during his early months in office. The timing of when recessions strike has a key influence on how presidents rank, and economists don’t really believe that presidential policies are the primary cause of sharp economic downturns. Congress can thwart good legislation or pass bad legislation. The Federal Reserve, many members of which were appointed by the previous guy, may make policy errors or set great policy. Demographics and international economic conditions drive much of the economy too.
...


Saturday, October 11, 2014

A Spendthrift Pretending He's Austere

Austerity is generally defined as not being extravagant, and with regard to money, only spending on what is necessary:
1
:  the quality or state of being austere
2
a :  an austere act, manner, or attitude
b :  an ascetic practice
3
:  enforced or extreme economy
So it doesn't make much sense to claim that increasing the amount of debt that you are carrying fits the definition of being austere.  Obviously, quite the opposite is true.  Always spending so much that you must borrow to cover expenses, demonstrates a lack of restraint, and an inability to be responsible.

Nevertheless, here's a writer attempting to make that claim -- that government deficit spending is consistent with austerity --

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/10/10/why-is-the-recovery-so-weak-its-the-austerity-stupid/

Why is the recovery so weak? It’s the austerity, stupid.

By Matt O'Brien  October 10 at 2:04 PM

Welcome to Austerity U.S.A., where the deficit is back below 3 percent of GDP and growth is still disappointing—which aren't unrelated facts.

It started when the stimulus ran out. Then state and local governments had to balance their budgets amidst a still-weak economy. And finally, there was the debt ceiling deal with its staggered $2.1 trillion of cuts over the next decade. Add it all up, and there's been a big fiscal tightening the past few years, something like 4 percent of potential GDP. Indeed, as Paul Krugman points out, real government spending per capita has been falling faster now than any time since the Korean War demobilization.

And, as you can see above, all this austerity has been hurting GDP growth since 2011. It shows the Hutchins Center's new "fiscal impact measure," which looks at how much total government tax-and-spending decisions have helped or harmed growth. The dark blue line is what policy has actually done, and the light blue one is what a neutral policy would have done. So, in other words, if the dark blue line is below the light blue one, like it has the last three years, then policy has subtracted from growth.
...


Here's a chart from the 'CBO - An Update To The Budget And Economic Outlook: 2014 to 2024', which shows that deficit spending -- while much lower than it was in 2009 -- is still above the historical average from 1974 to 2013 --

https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/113th-congress-2013-2014/reports/45653-OutlookUpdate_2014_Aug.pdf
https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45653



The CBO's monthly estimate for September 2014 shows a budget deficit for 2014 of -2.8% of GDP -- slightly smaller than the average deficit shown above of -3.1%, and inline with the first Projected bar in the chart above -- but note that this is an estimate, not an actual value --
     https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/113th-congress-2013-2014/reports/49450-MBR.pdf
The federal government ran a budget deficit of $486 billion in fiscal year 2014, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates—$195 billion less than the shortfall recorded in fiscal year 2013, and the smallest deficit recorded since 2008. Relative to the size of the economy, that deficit—at an estimated 2.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP)—was slightly below the average experienced over the past 40 years, and 2014 was the fifth consecutive year in which the deficit declined as a percentage of GDP since peaking at 9.8 percent in 2009.

Here's the same chart going back to 1930 from the 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' --

http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/FYFSGDA188S



Governments certainly don't need encouragement to borrow money, and the charts above demonstrate that point.  A balanced budget for the U.S. Federal government is a rare exception, not the norm, and using the word 'austere' to describe the U.S. government's handling of its finances is absurd on it's face -- the U.S. government has never been austere.

So what's the real premise of those who claim that the U.S. government should borrow even more?  Is a budget deficit over 4% of GDP really required to ensure even mediocre economic growth?

And notice this chart from the same CBO report cited above, which shows the total Federal debt as a percentage of GDP is approaching the levels seen during WWII.  That is, if you believe the CBO's accounting -- some show the current level of debt at about 100% of GDP --

https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/113th-congress-2013-2014/reports/45653-OutlookUpdate_2014_Aug.pdf
https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45653



U.S. taxpayers were able to pay down the debt accumulated during World War II, but what one time expense is going to end that will allow the current debt to be paid down?

Notice how poorly the writer at the washingpost.com attempts to defend his point that the government can improve the economy by increasing it's debt load -- by ending 'austerity', as he put it.  He links to the Brookings Institution's Fiscal Impact Measure to show that a lack of government spending is hurting gross domestic product (GDP) growth, but other than showing government spending is counted in GDP accounting, this proves nothing.

It's easy to see how the government can increase GDP, since every transaction the government is involved in is counted in GDP -- one doesn't need to do a study to show that government spending increases GDP.  The difficulty is increasing GDP in a way that doesn't simply consume resources, and make people's lives worse.

In a previous post, I wrote about this obvious problem in using GDP as a measure of the effectiveness of government spending.  World War II demonstrates this point clearly, since rationing had to be introduced in 1942, at the peak of the U.S. government's deficit spending for the war, and well after the war 'stimulus' had begun in late 1940.  Clearly, government spending can increase GDP, while simultaneously reducing the quality of life.

Or, for a more recent example, consider the usefulness of one of the programs that was part of the 'American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009': the subsidization of rural broadband.  In three of the areas that received stimulus funds to expand broadband access, $349,234 was spent per unserved household to get them broadband access.

Of course, a reduction in government spending will reduce GDP, but treating this as an unqualified negative is just a silly assumption that all government spending is good.  There's no reasonable way to defend that assumption.

And all of this begs the painfully obvious question, 'when should the government not run a deficit?'

This is one of the most damning aspects of this notion that governments can run deficits in bad times to 'stimulate' demand to 'smooth' the business cycle -- the FRED Surplus/Deficit chart above proves that as far as government is concerned, there is almost never a good time for a budget surplus and a decrease in the debt.

It should be obvious why -- politicians are in the business of buying votes, and paying down debt does nothing to achieve that goal.  To stay in office, politicians must focus on pandering to current voters, rather than ensuring government finances are sound for future generations.

It's a pity so many people will urge politicians to be even more irresponsible.

Sunday, September 14, 2014

Oh! What An Ugly Paul Krugman!

In a previous post I wrote about the long held view that there is economic benefit to destruction.  People love this fallacy.

It gets repeated over and over again ad nauseam, even by professional economists, despite being absurd on its face.

The famous economist Paul Krugman, for example, repeats this fallacy often.  Indeed, he has built a career pretending something magical happens economically when government consumes what the participants of an economy are producing — so much so, that he repeatedly states that even enormous death and destruction brings benefits.  Like this —

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties
American corpses sprawled on the beach of Betio Island, Tarawa Atoll, 1943.  Over 100,000 Americans died in the Pacific War.
German soldiers killing Jews at Ivanhorod, Ukraine, 1942.  A woman shields a child with her body as soldiers take aim.

Consider the images above — of dead U.S. Marines on a beach in the Tarawa Atoll, where 990 Marines died after 76 hours of intense fighting to secure the island, or of German soldiers executing Jews — as you read this sickening blog post by the famous Nobel Laureate, Paul Krugman, regarding the 'lovely war'

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/oh-what-a-lovely-war/
http://archive.is/wOgMl

Oh! What A Lovely War!



World War II is the great natural experiment in the effects of large increases in government spending, and as such has always served as an important positive example for those of us who favor an activist approach to a depressed economy. Christy Romer is very much on the same wavelength.

It’s especially relevant because in the 1930s, as today, many wise heads insisted that unemployment was structural, that many of the unemployed could not be gainfully employed no matter how much demand increased. Then demand actually did increase, and as Christy says,
But World War II has something to tell us here, too.  Because nearly 10 million men of prime working age were drafted into the military, there was a huge skills gap between the jobs that needed to be done on the home front and the remaining work force.  Yet businesses and workers found a way to get the job done.  Factories simplified production methods and housewives learned to rivet.

Here the lesson is that demand is crucial — and that jobs don’t go unfilled for long.  If jobs were widely available today, unemployed workers would quickly find a way to acquire needed skills or move to where the jobs were located.
Oddly, however, people on the right have taken to claiming that World War II actually weakens the case for stimulus.  One line, due to Robert Barro, is that it shows fiscal expansion failing because private spending actually fell.  Duh.  As Christy says, there was consumer rationing — spending was forced to fall.  Also, something she doesn’t note, there were severe restrictions on private construction, which meant that investment not related to the war effort was also forced to fall.
...

Nothing shakes the faith of a true believer.



Why is it so appealing to believe that there is some upside to building things at great expense, that can only be used to kill and destroy, and then have armies of millions of people go and kill and be killed with those things?

Notice how stupidly some professional economists attempt to justify this absolutely insane thinking.

How many people actually believe that a reduction in unemployment that is caused by conscripting millions of men into the military, and then killing many of them, builds the case for government 'stimulus' during peacetime?

Of course, if you eliminate a large portion of the workforce, and then the government takes on a massive debt to pay anyone who is willing to work to build war equipment, unemployment will go down and the gross domestic product (GDP) will go up, while the quantity of consumer goods and the quality of life go down.

And how many people actually believe that the consumer rationing that was necessary, because of the shortages caused by the massive consumption of resources for the war effort, is not obvious proof that the consumption of resources for the war (the government 'stimulus'), in and of itself, made the economy worse, even for those not involved in the fighting?

Krugman contemptuously dismisses the painfully obvious point that World War II weakens the case for stimulus, by claiming that private spending was forced to fall by rationing, while completely missing the obvious cause of the shortages that made rationing necessary — the destructive government 'stimulus' required by the war.

Of course, rationing reduced consumer spending, but if government spending during the war 'stimulated' the economy in a helpful way, as so many professional economists pretend, rationing in the face of shortages would not have been necessary.

The shortages were necessarily caused by the 'stimulus' that consumed resources for the war.  The war 'stimulus' began in late 1940, and rationing wasn't necessary until 1942well after the 'stimulus' for the war had begun.  Certainly, rationing was not needed at any time during the depression prior to the war 'stimulus'.
     https://archive.is/eA7Qg
     https://archive.is/6ltUn

Krugman is just reversing cause and effect here by trying to pretend that rationing would have been necessary had there been no reduction in productivity.  Again, this is absurd on its face — without a fall in the production of necessary goods, there is no reason to ration.

And notice these other paragraphs from the Christina Romer article Krugman quotes above, where she also attempts to treat rationing as the fundamental cause of reduced consumption, rather than a necessary result of the reduced productivity caused by the war 'stimulus' —

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/14/business/economy/from-world-war-ii-economic-lessons-for-today.html
http://archive.is/pD7u7

The Hope That Flows From History

By CHRISTINA D. ROMER
Published: August 13, 2011
...
Military spending didn’t begin to rise substantially until late 1940.  Once it did, fiscal policy had an expansionary impact.  Some economists argue that the effect wasn’t very large, as real government purchases (in 2005 dollars) rose by $1.4 billion from 1940 to 1944, while real G.D.P. rose only $0.9 billion.

But this calculation misses two crucial facts: Taxes increased sharply, and the government took many actions to decrease private consumption, like instituting rationing and admonishing people to save.  That output soared despite these factors suggests that increases in government spending had a powerful stimulative effect.  Consistent with that, private nonfarm employment — which excludes active military personnel — rose by almost eight million from 1940 to 1944.
...


The contradiction should be obvious to anyone, so why is it not obvious to a couple of professional economists, and one who is a Nobel Laureate?

If, in Romer's words, 'output soared' as a result of government spending for WW II, why was rationing necessary?  This directly contradicts Romer's following statement that 'government spending had a powerful stimulative effect.'  The effect was obviously powerful, but it certainly wasn't 'stimulative' — unless the goal of 'stimulus' is to reduce the quality of life.

The government 'stimulus' to support the war effort did exactly what any reasonable, honest person without an agenda driven bias would expect — it made life worse overall, by directing massive investment and productivity to a destructive end.

That employment and gross domestic product (GDP) went up during the war only shows that more people were being paid to do something.   Arguing that this proves government spending is helpful economically is just a crude begging the question fallacy — that is, the critical question is: 'what was accomplished by the spending that increased GDP and employment, and did living standards go up — or were the vast majority made worse off?'

To make this painfully obvious point even more obvious, notice that it costs money to run a concentration camp and execute prisoners, and the cost to taxpayers to purchase this 'service' will be counted in the measure of GDP, since regardless of how destructive an expense is, and how many are hurt, it is still a purchase of goods and services by government.

To those that would respond: 'well of course, the war buildup had to reduce the production of consumer goods and cause shortages — that doesn't mean a government stimulus isn't effective.'

That response is nonsense — it directly contradicts the Keynesian argument for such spending.

Keynesian economists are consistently unambiguous in their claims that any government spending is beneficial, however pointless, so long as it creates demand.  That rationing was necessary during one of the largest government spending programs the world has ever seen — the war buildup that began in 1940 — is devastating to the Keynesian case.  It proves that government spending has no special power to improve the quality of people's lives — when that spending is directed toward waste and destruction, the quality of life goes down, even while GDP is growing.

Those who doubt that Keynesian economists claim that any spending is beneficial, need to read this absurd quote from Keynes, in his 'General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money' (see Chapter 10, part VI) —

https://archive.org/details/TheGeneralTheoryOfEmploymentInterestAndMoney_201707/page/n151/mode/2up
If the Treasury were to fill old bottles with bank-notes, bury them at suitable depths in disused coalmines which are then filled up to the surface with town rubbish, and leave it to private enterprise on well-tried principles of laissez-faire to dig the notes up again (the right to do so being obtained, of course, by tendering for leases of the note-bearing territory), there need be no more unemployment and, with the help of the repercussions, the real income of the community, and its capital wealth also, would probably become a good deal greater than it actually is.  It would, indeed, be more sensible to build houses and the like; but if there are political and practical difficulties in the way of this, the above would be better than nothing.


And here is Paul Krugman, in usual form, praising this lunacy —
     http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/14/time-for-bottles-in-coal-mines/
     http://archive.is/MhWF1

Or, consider this equally ridiculous quote from Krugman, as he parroted Keynes again in supporting government stimulus spending in August, 2011, with his explicit statement that the spending be on something that would help no one

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/09/the-moral-equivalent-of-space-aliens/
http://archive.is/6peXy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhMAV9VLvHA
If we discovered that, you know, space aliens were planning to attack and we needed a massive buildup to counter the space alien threat and really inflation and budget deficits took secondary place to that, this slump would be over in 18 months.  And then if we discovered, oops, we made a mistake, there aren’t any aliens, we’d be better [off].


Krugman acknowledges that private productivity went down during WW II, but he has to try to reverse cause and effect by pretending that the rationing and spending restrictions in place during the war were not caused by the shortages that resulted from the war 'stimulus' — he has to do this, in order to use the war as the basis for an argument that a government 'stimulus' is always a net economic gain, and that people should be eager to give responsibility for their lives to government.

This is what sells to the public, and this is what gives corrupt economists power — as long as people believe in these nonsensical fallacies, they will keep looking to charlatans like Krugman for answers.

Such is the conscience of the self-proclaimed and so-called liberal, Paul Krugman.

But Krugman is mistaken if he thinks he is leading the public on these issues — he is pandering to vice, not enlightening the ignorant, so it is public vice that is in control of this message, not Krugman.

In her novel 'The Fountainhead', Ayn Rand gives a beautiful description of someone coming to the realization that they have spent their life deluding themselves that they could control the popular sentiments of a largely ignorant public —

“Stand here, he thought, and count the lighted windows of a city.  You cannot do it.  But behind each yellow rectangle that climbs, one over another, to the sky - under each bulb - down to there, see that spark over the river which is not a star? - there are people whom you will never see and who are your masters.  At the supper tables, in the drawing rooms, in their beds and in their cellars, in their studies and in their bathrooms.  Speeding in the subways under your feet.  Crawling up in elevators through vertical cracks around you.  Jolting past you in every bus.  Your masters, Gail Wynand.  There is a net - longer than the cables that coil through the walls of this city, larger than the mesh of pipes that carry water, gas and refuse - there is another hidden net around you; it is strapped to you, and the wires lead to every hand in the city.  They jerked the wires and you moved.  You were a ruler of men.  You held a leash.  A leash is only a rope with a noose at both ends.


Could anything shake the faith of a true believer like Paul Krugman?

Saturday, August 16, 2014

Pretending Money is Wealth


... There is only one difference between a bad economist and a good one: the bad economist confines himself to the visible effect; the good economist takes into account both the effect that can be seen and those effects that must be foreseen. ...
  — Frédéric Bastiat, 'What Is Seen and What Is Not Seen', 1850


In 1850, the French economist Frédéric Bastiat wrote an essay entitled 'That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen', which included a little parable called 'The Broken Window'
      http://www.econlib.org/library/Bastiat/basEss1.html
      http://bastiat.org/en/twisatwins.html
      https://mises.org/library/broken-window

In 'The Broken Window' Bastiat explains the fallacy of the popular view that there is economic benefit to society from destruction.  Whenever there is some natural disaster, for example, it is not hard to find claims in the press that large-scale destruction results in some economic gain.  Here is one example, published in October 2012, after hurricane Sandy --

http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/economic-impact-hurricane-sandy-not-bad-news-150458002.html
https://archive.is/ntrpl

The Economic Impact of Hurricane Sandy … Not All Bad News
By Peter Morici
Hurricane Sandy will have a devastating impact on life and property. However, gauging its ultimate impact on an economy -- still struggling to overcome the Great Recession but with substantial resources to overcome adversity -- is far more complex than merely adding up insurance payouts and uninsured losses.

The Upside
Disasters can give the ailing construction sector a boost, and unleash smart reinvestment that actually improves stricken areas and the lives of those that survive intact. Ultimately, Americans, as they always seem to do, will emerge stronger in the wake of disaster and rebuild better-making a brighter future in the face of tragedy.
...


The quote above is obviously absurd on its face — it simply begs the painfully obvious question: 'Can't smart investments be made without wide spread destruction first, and didn't things that did not need to be replaced also get destroyed in the disaster?'

And notice this estimate from the State of New Jersey, cited by the U.S. Department of Commerce, of $29.5 billion in construction costs just 'to repair and replace the damage caused by the storm'.  And even while acknowledging the enormous amount of lost wealth, they pretend that the work to restore conditions prior to the storm creates new jobs, even though no new wealth is being created — ignoring that the $29.5 billion could have been spent on projects to actually raise living standards, had it not been for the damage caused by the storm.  Yet again, we see Bastiat's Broken Window Fallacy --

http://www.esa.doc.gov/Reports/economic-impact-hurricane-sandy
https://archive.is/Du2vx
• The New Jersey state government estimated construction costs of $29.5 billion to repair and replace the damage caused by the storm.  If this money is spent over the next four years, the state should realize a gain of $44 billion in total output and about 281,000 new jobs (full- and part-time).


Here is Lawrence Reed of FEE addressing the same kind of nonsensical thinking regarding a devastating earthquake in Kobe, Japan, back in 1995 —
    http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/destruction-is-no-blessing

Bastiat was addressing the same kind of absurdity back in his day, when it was suggested that rebuilding Paris would somehow make French society better off --

http://bastiat.org/en/twisatwins.html
http://www.econlib.org/library/Bastiat/basEss1.html
...
When we arrive at this unexpected conclusion: "Society loses the value of things which are uselessly destroyed;" and we must assent to a maxim which will make the hair of protectionists stand on end - To break, to spoil, to waste, is not to encourage national labour; or, more briefly, "destruction is not profit."

What will you say, Monsieur Industriel -- what will you say, disciples of good M. F. Chamans, who has calculated with so much precision how much trade would gain by the burning of Paris, from the number of houses it would be necessary to rebuild?

I am sorry to disturb these ingenious calculations, as far as their spirit has been introduced into our legislation; but I beg him to begin them again, by taking into the account that which is not seen, and placing it alongside of that which is seen. The reader must take care to remember that there are not two persons only, but three concerned in the little scene which I have submitted to his attention. One of them, James B., represents the consumer, reduced, by an act of destruction, to one enjoyment instead of two. Another under the title of the glazier, shows us the producer, whose trade is encouraged by the accident. The third is the shoemaker (or some other tradesman), whose labour suffers proportionably by the same cause. It is this third person who is always kept in the shade, and who, personating that which is not seen, is a necessary element of the problem. It is he who shows us how absurd it is to think we see a profit in an act of destruction. It is he who will soon teach us that it is not less absurd to see a profit in a restriction, which is, after all, nothing else than a partial destruction. Therefore, if you will only go to the root of all the arguments which are adduced in its favour, all you will find will be the paraphrase of this vulgar saying — What would become of the glaziers, if nobody ever broke windows?
...


But here is a writer trying to argue that the 'Broken Window Fallacy' is not a fallacy --

http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2011/08/16/296903/the-denial-of-money
https://archive.is/gB1ct

'The Denial of Money'
Few myths are as persistent as the idea that Keynesian and monetarist thinkers fail to appreciate Frédéric Bastiat point about broken windows. As even a cursory examination of efforts to apply Bastiat’s ideas to the conditions of a depressed economy will show, the so-called “broken windows fallacy” is not a fallacy at all, just a special case. Here’s Daniel Mitchell:
[Krugman] committed the “broken-window” fallacy, explained more than 150 years ago by a famous French economist, Frederic Bastiat.
Breaking a window at the local bakery, Bastiat explained, might generate business for the town glazier, but only at the expense of some other merchant, like a tailor, who would have benefited if the baker didn’t have to spend money on a new window.
In other words, the destruction of wealth is not good for an economy. At best, it makes us poorer and then shifts how current income is allocated.
When Bastiat wrote that, “money” meant, in France, a commodity of which there was limited supply. Specifically, the so-called “Germinal Franc” contained 290.32 mg of gold. The modern economy isn’t like that. The quantity of money and credit are policy variables. If the country were afflicted with unemployed glaziers, Ben Bernanke could run around smashing bakery windows and leaving checks behind. The checks don’t need to be backed by anything, and the bakers will use the checks to hire glaziers to replace the lost windows without reducing their spending on tailors. Problem solved. This would be, admittedly, a silly way to resolve the problem. A more reasonable approach would be to cut the checks and pay the glaziers to do something useful. But it would work. Everyone understands that we don’t have a barter economy operating or a gold standard operating purely with cash-in-advance, but people often fail to see that this is important. But it makes a ton of difference. Among other things it means that if your argument about why something can’t be done turns at some key point on an alleged scarcity of money that something has gone awry.


Well, there is nothing new here, given that people have been trying to pretend that money printing is helpful since long before Bastiat.

But notice that the statements quoted above regarding 'The Broken Window' are both a straw man and red herring fallacy.

Bastiat described costs in francs in 'The Broken Window' as a way of illustration, but his argument has nothing to do with the supply of money as the writer stated in the quote above, but rather the opportunity cost of production — Bastiat was simply making the obvious point that the economic activity that results from replacing something that was destroyed does not add wealth'an alleged scarcity of money', to quote the writer above again, has nothing to do with Bastiat's argument (straw man).

Even if, as this writer described, a Federal Reserve chairman paid for the broken window with printed money, so that the shopkeeper's spending were not reduced as a result of replacing the broken window, the actual labor and resource cost of the replaced window are still lost — printing money does not replace the lost wealth, which is the utility of the window that was destroyed, and the labor and resources consumed to produce it in the first place.

And arguing that it is helpful to pay individuals to do things that have no market demand — given that they are not already being purchased — as the writer described above, is simply a distraction from Bastiat's point, and is not relevant — even if it were true that it is useful (red herring).

It is especially ironic that a writer would begin by stating it is a myth that Keynesian and monetarist thinkers do not appreciate the point of 'The Broken Window', but then go on to completely miss the point.

The writer helps to prove the claim that he is supposedly attempting to debunk.

Money, in any form (whether it is cigarettes or gold coins), is only a tool — a medium of exchange to facilitate trade, and a store of value.  The only legitimate spending is the result of production, or loaned production — a person trading the thing they have made or grown (or borrowed (debt)) with others.

Wealth is produced goods and services — not money. Trade based solely on money printing is no different than counterfeiting — it makes everyone poorer, because it supports consumption without the prerequisite production.  It just makes the medium of exchange worth less.  This is the only possible outcome of simply distributing money, since the supply of available goods is not magically increased as money is printed — as that additional money is spent, prices must rise.

Counterfeiting (printing money on your own) is illegal for good reason — in essence, it is theft.  Why?  Because it allows the counterfeiter to receive and consume goods and services without offering anything of value in exchange.  The only difference between counterfeiting and governments printing money, is the hope that governments will be responsible and will not steal too much, in debasing the value of their currency.

And note that the writer does not give any indication that he is aware of the obvious inefficiencies, in paying someone with printed money to perform work not required by normal market demand — not only has the medium of exchange been debased, but any resources that were consumed were more than likely put to a less effective use, potentially forever (it does not get more costly than that).

Of course, a government can always print its currency, and distribute funds to everyone, thereby giving them as much money as they want to spend.  But what would happen then?

Is not this, in essence, what happened during the U.S. mortgage crisis from 2007 to 2009?  Most people who applied for a loan, were given that loan, at very low cost, and this fueled wild speculation on assets that were worth much less than people were paying for them.

Many would be quick to respond here that a loan is different than simply printing money for people to spend, since the borrower is obligated to pay the money back — well, of course — that makes the mortgage crisis more useful as an example for demonstrating the folly of money printing, not less.

The mortgage crisis functions as a more illustrative example, and demonstrates the folly of money printing even more clearly, since even the obligation to pay the money back, could not prevent wild speculation and a massive waste of resources.

In short, printing money in an attempt to recover from recessions marked by a large misallocation of resources, is an attempt to use a disease as a cure.

The essential point is that legitimate trade is the result of production — not the possession of money.

Simply giving everyone more money does nothing to increase the available goods or services that have been produced (or that even can be produced) — it can only increase scarcity by giving people the ability to purchase goods and services when they have not produced anything valuable to exchange for those goods or services — in essence, it is manufacturing counterfeiters.

Here is a nice short video explanation of the nature of money, and the inevitable result of money printing --

http://www.learnliberty.org/videos/why-not-print-more-money/
...
Printing more money will simply spread the value of the existing goods and services around a larger number of dollars. This is inflation. Ultimately, doubling the number of dollars doubles prices. If everyone has twice as much money but everything costs twice as much as before, people aren’t better off. Having the government print money will not increase wealth.




Here is another article that explains the obvious point that the only way money printing will not cause inflation is if the money is not spent (i.e. it creates no new demand) —
    http://economics.about.com/cs/money/a/print_money.htm
    https://archive.is/5enBd

There is a long list of countries that created inflation catastrophes by taking this absurd logic regarding eliminating a supposed 'scarcity of money' to its extreme —
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Hyperinflation.jpg

Supposedly, this is not what Keynes had in mind, but he helped legitimize the idea that government spending can create economic growth, even though it is often wasteful and ultimately results in taxation, so he paved the way for asinine arguments like the one the writer made above in 'The Denial of Money'.

People just love trying to pretend there is a free lunch.  If it were possible to create prosperity by printing money, there would not be any poverty in the world.