Sunday, June 28, 2015

Krugman's Obviously False Debt Spin

In the past, I've written numerous posts in response to Paul Krugman's nonsensical writing, in an attempt to expose him as a charlatan.   Because Krugman is a devout Keynesian, he believes that government spending is always an unqualified positive, and an easy solution to all economic problems.

If you thank that is an exaggeration, watch Krugman in this interview from August, 2011, where he parrots Keynes in supporting government stimulus spending, with his explicit statement that the spending be on something that wastes resources and helps no one — that is, a military buildup for a fictitious alien invasion --

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhMAV9VLvHA
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/09/the-moral-equivalent-of-space-aliens/
If we discovered that, you know, space aliens were planning to attack and we needed a massive buildup to counter the space alien threat and really inflation and budget deficits took secondary place to that, this slump would be over in 18 months.  And then if we discovered, oops, we made a mistake, there aren’t any aliens, we’d be better [off].


Paul Krugman's blog is dominated by content like the statement quoted above, which makes it little more than an endless stream of fallacies.   Here is another typical example, from a Krugman post in February, 2015, where Krugman attempts to dismiss concerns about the mounting U.S. public debt --

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/06/debt-is-money-we-owe-to-ourselves/

Debt Is Money We Owe To Ourselves
Paul Krugman   FEBRUARY 6, 2015 7:32 AM
Antonio Fatas, commenting on recent work on deleveraging or the lack thereof, emphasizes one of my favorite points: no, debt does not mean that we’re stealing from future generations. Globally, and for the most part even within countries, a rise in debt isn’t an indication that we’re living beyond our means, because as Fatas puts it, one person’s debt is another person’s asset; or as I equivalently put it, debt is money we owe to ourselves — an obviously true statement that, I have discovered, has the power to induce blinding rage in many people.

Think about the history shown in the chart above. Britain did not emerge impoverished from the Napoleonic Wars; the government ended up with a lot of debt, but the counterpart of this debt was that the British propertied classes owned a lot of consols.

More than that, as Fatas points out, rising debt could be a good sign. Think of my little two-classes model of debt, where some people are less patient than others — perhaps (to step outside the model a bit) because they have better investment opportunities. Moving from a very limited financial system that doesn’t allow much debt to a somewhat more open-minded system should, in that case, be good for growth and welfare.

The problem with private debt is that we have good reason to believe that in very wide-open financial systems people get irrationally exuberant, lending and borrowing to an extent that they eventually realize was excessive — and that there are huge negative externalities when everyone tries to deleverage at once. This is a very big problem, but it’s not about generalized excess consumption.

And the problems with public debt are also mainly about possible instability rather than “borrowing from our children”. The rhetoric of fiscal debates has been, for the most part, nonsense.



Krugman's blog post quoted above hardly deserves comment — since it is so poorly written, the fallacies it contains should be obvious to almost anyone.

First, the title is obviously false — it is true that the largest portion of the U.S. public debt is held by government agencies (mainly Social Security), but a large portion of the U.S. debt is held by foreign nations.   Here is part of a table from the U.S. Treasury's June 2015 Bulletin, showing the estimated ownership of U.S. Treasury Securities, from 2010 through March 2015.  Notice that this table shows that 'foreign and international' owners (column 11) were holding about 34% of the total U.S. public debt in December of 2104 --

https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/treasury-bulletin/b2015-2.pdf   (p. 43)
https://web.archive.org/web/.../https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/treasury-bulletin/b2015-2.pdf

Table of Estimated Ownership of U.S. Treasury Securities, June 2015


And notice that China and Japan alone were holding over 13% of the U.S. public debt in March of 2015 --

http://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt

Top Two Foreign Holders of U.S. Treasury Securities, 2014 - 2015


But regardless of the breakdown of the ownership of the U.S. public debt, Krugman's statement that 'debt is money we owe to ourselves — an obviously true statement',  is, rather, an obviously false statement.   There is nothing about government debt in general that entails 'taxpayers owing it to themselves'.   At a minimum, this would mean that all government debt securities are purchased by the government with tax revenue.   This was never true, and it certainly is not true now.

But even more importantly, notice that even in the case of the Social Security Administration's past purchase of government treasuries with surplus payroll deductions — as an example of 'owing it to ourselves' — we do not 'owe it to ourselves', since current beneficiaries of government programs like Social Security and Medicare will not pay, nor will they even suffer any consequences of, the growing debt that is being generated in part to pay for their benefits — obviously, future taxpayers will, since current taxpayers will not live long enough.

So even under the assumption that the phrase 'owing it to ourselves'  is simply meant to indicate government debt that was purchased with tax revenue, and so is held by government agencies (i.e. debt owned by U.S. taxpayers), that debt will still affect future taxpayers more than current taxpayers (especially given future interest rate increases).   In short, Krugman's phrase — 'debt is money we owe to ourselves' — is a euphemism to disguise the unequal impacts of the debt between current and future taxpayers.

So how is it possible to justify Krugman's claim: 'no, debt does not mean that we’re stealing from future generations',  when we know that the growing debt is certainly not helping future generations?

But what is truly perversely fascinating in this nonsensical 'we owe money to ourselves'  talk, is that anyone would take this seriously — never mind a Nobel laureate economist.

I wrote about the absurdity of pretending you owe yourself money last year in this post —
     http://maxautonomy.blogspot.com/2014/06/pretending-you-owe-yourself-hazard.html

In Krugman's blog post quoted above, he mentions that one person's debt is another person's asset — yes, but this is only true if there really are two different people.  Your debt is not also your asset.   So making the claim that your debt is your largest asset, is exactly the same as saying 'I'm broke'.   All debt is a claim against future earnings, and government debt is a claim on the future earnings of taxpayers, regardless of the owner of that government debt.   This is what makes the commonly heard comment that the Social Security 'trust fund' pays benefits so absurd — all the government 'trusts' that hold U.S. Treasuries are simply promises to collect future taxes (i.e. they are claims on future tax receipts), and so future taxpayers must pay, if those securities are ever to be redeemed in order to pay some government expense, like Social Security or Medicare benefit payments.

It is hard to believe that it is not obvious to people that they cannot also treat their debt as an asset, and that it should require an explanation as to why, but it must, since it is repeated ad nauseam — even by a Nobel laureate.

Making the claim that we 'owe it to ourselves'  does nothing to mitigate a debt problem.  The U.S. government 'trust funds' are an unfunded liability of U.S. taxpayers — that is, they are promises to collect payments from future taxpayers.   And notice that this simple fact — which is determined by the U.S. Treasury securities held by the trusts (that's just how they work) — stands in direct contradiction to Krugman's claim that 'debt does not mean that we’re stealing from future generations'.   The larger the U.S. debt grows — including the so-called 'trusts' — the larger the burden that will be borne by future taxpayers.

Here are more details on how the government trusts are a liability to U.S. taxpayers.  If you are a U.S. taxpayer, you pay for the U.S. trust funds, they do not pay for you —
     http://maxautonomy.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-trust-fund-tolls-for-thee.html

And notice the glaring contradiction in Krugman's comment that private lenders alone have a tendency to become 'irrationally exuberant'.   I suppose this is his shorthand code to readers who wish to pretend that government requirements had nothing to do with the financial crisis of the Great Recession.   This notion that governments are consistently rational and responsible, in contrast to the private sector, is so utterly ridiculous there is no reason to comment on it.   Anyone who responds affirmatively to such a comment is simply expressing a blindness driven by a biased agenda.   The crises, strife, and misery, caused directly by the world's governments are too widely well known to be worthy of mention.

To those who would now launch into a diatribe about the obvious harm that has been caused by private companies (no argument here), I would only say that your moral compass and your ability to measure harm are a bit off.   Good luck.

Of course, this is consistent with Krugman's mantra that all government spending has some magical ability to create well being, whereas private sector spending or saving does not.  That Krugman would be comfortable in repeating such a ridiculous claim, as well as 'Debt Is Money We Owe To Ourselves', is a testament to how insulated he is from any real criticism.

So much for the Nobel prize.

Saturday, June 20, 2015

Noam Chomsky Losing All Credibility

If Noam Chomsky ever had any credibility, he completely destroyed it with the utterly absurd comments he has made regarding Social Security.  There is nothing new in his comments — he repeats the common delusions that the Social Security 'trust fund' pays benefits, and that Social Security will not add to the Federal debt.

Notice that it is impossible for either of these claims to be true, and it does not take a careful analysis to understand why.

In the video clip below, showing an interview with Chomsky from September 2011, Chomsky either lied, or he displayed a disgusting level of arrogance, by making massively ignorant statements as if they are obviously incontrovertible — in any case, Chomsky makes it impossible for one to view him as honest, because there is no evidence to indicate that what he said regarding Social Security is true.

Chomsky's character is on display here, and it is not one any person should choose to emulate.

Do these criticisms seem too harsh?   But to understand that Chomsky's claims are false, all one needs to know is that once any government security is purchased, a taxpayer debt is created — i.e. the buyer of any government security is lending the government money to spend, and that lender must be paid back by taxpayers when the security matures.   But in this case the buyer, or lender, was U.S. taxpayers, via the surplus Social Security payroll deductions collected in past years (the collections not paid directly to retirees) — that is, the purchase of government securities with surplus Social Security payroll deductions gave the U.S. government the retirement savings of future taxpayers to spend at will, and so what should have been savings is now a debt of future taxpayers.

I've written numerous posts about the problems with Social Security, and the dishonest way that people describe it, but the post at this link specifically addresses the main points that Chomsky made in the interview in the video below regarding the trust fund and its affect on the Federal debt —
      http://maxautonomy.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-trust-fund-tolls-for-thee.html

Notice that the post above references content on the Social Security Administration's own web site, and that the statements provided by the Social Security Administration directly contradict Chomsky's statements.

In short, since the Social Security trust fund is simply a claim on the earnings of taxpayers (as is the case with all government securities), it is impossible for the trust fund to pay benefits to taxpayers — taxpayers owe that money, and they will pay (or borrow more) as those securities are redeemed.  So if the money represented by the 'trust fund' is to be spent, it follows directly that Social Security must add to the Federal debt, since the redemption of trust fund bonds does not raise revenue for the U.S. Treasury.   A redemption of any government security requires new taxes, offsetting spending cuts, or borrowing, and the bonds in the Social Security 'trust fund' are no different — again, all government securities represent a promise of payment from taxpayers.

To quote the Social Security Administration again (emphasis added) --

http://www.ssa.gov/oact/trsum/
https://archive.is/w6Hv8
...
Each of these trust funds’ operations will contribute increasing amounts to Federal unified budget deficits in future years.
...
Redemption of trust fund bonds, interest paid on those bonds, and transfers from the General Fund provide no new net income to the Treasury, which must finance these payments through some combination of increased taxation, reductions in other government spending, or additional borrowing from the public.
...


Notice that Chomsky has been an academic most of his life, working as a professor at the 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology' since the mid 1950's — if an accomplished academic like Chomsky is unable to get the details of something as simple as Social Security correct, how can he get anything correct?

Chomsky loves to moralize and pontificate about political issues, so it is instructive to watch him speak here in such an embarrassingly sloppy way, on a subject that requires so little understanding, that even if you knew nothing about it, you could prove Chomsky's statements false with just an hour of research, and that's if you are a slow reader (again, you just need to understand that all government securities are taxpayer debt).

So much for the prestige of Noam Chomsky and the much vaunted 'MIT'.


For emphasis, here are statements that Chomsky made in the interview which directly contradict the Social Security Administration description of how Social Security operates —
    Social Security is not in any crisis, I mean the trust fund alone will fully pay benefits for I think another 30 years or so, then after that taxes will give almost the same benefits.   To worry about a possible problem 30 years from now — which can incidentally be fixed with a little bit of tampering here and there, as was done in 1983 — to worry about that just makes absolutely no sense, unless you're trying to destroy the program.   It's a very successful program, a large number of people rely on it.   It doesn't pay munificently, but it at least keeps people alive, not just retired people, people with disabilities, and others.   Very low administrative costs, extremely efficient.   And no burden on the deficit — it doesn't add to the deficit. ...

As pointed out previously, the trust fund does not pay benefits, and redemption of the trust's securities adds to the deficit, unless offsetting cuts to other spending are made, or taxes are raised — just as quoted above from the Social Security Administration web site.

Chomsky's mention of Social Security helping people is a red herring fallacy, since it has no relevance to the question of Social Security being in crisis.   That Social Security supposedly helps people will do nothing to prevent it from failing.

But what is more fascinating is how Chomsky justifies a government initiation of force to make people participate in these poorly constructed social welfare programs as a demonstration of kindness and compassion
    Social Security is based on a principle, it's based on the principle that you care about other people.   You care whether the widow across town, the disabled widow, is going to be able to have food to eat.   And that's a notion you have to drive out of people's heads — the idea of solidarity, sympathy, mutual support — that's doctrinally dangerous.   The preferred doctrines are just care about yourself, don't care about anyone else.   That's a very good way to trap and control people.
    The very idea that we're in it together, that we care about each other, that we have responsibility for one another — that's sort of frightening to those who want a society which is dominated by power, authority, wealth, in which people are passive and obedient.   I suspect — I don't know how to measure it exactly — but I think that that's a considerable part of the drive on the part of small privileged sectors to undermine a very efficient, very effective system on which a large part of the population relies — actually relies more than ever, because wealth, personal wealth was very much tied up in the housing market.

This is just another Orwellian double think — my freedom requires your oppression.   This is a long time favorite propaganda technique of those who posture as moral crusaders for the little guy — people at large can only be free, if moral crusaders can force everyone to participate in some government program.

It is absolutely fascinating how Chomsky sets up such an obvious false dichotomy in the quote above, and how so many people accept such statements completely uncritically — either you support the government initiation of force, or you do not care about people.   As if a society's mindless participation in a government program, as a result of being forced, demonstrates a concern for other people — rather than the passivity and obedience that Chomsky falsely attributes to those who do not want to be forced into a collective.

It is comical too that Chomsky would describe Social Security as a 'very effective' program, even though he also stated 'it doesn't pay munificently'.   At least Chomsky was partially correct on that point, though the use of the term 'munificently' is certainly an overstatement.   See this link for details on how Social Security compares with competing investments.   In short, Social Security acts as a kind of enforced poverty, since a better return is easy to achieve — that is, you must live over 94 years, if you retire before age 70, to benefit more from Social Security, than a private account that simply used dollar cost averaging to invest your Social Security contributions in the S&P 500.   And with the future cuts that will become necessary ('a little bit of tampering here and there', as Chomsky describes it), this negative return will only get worse.   That the public sits idly by and does nothing to even understand the issue gives no indication that they feel any sort of 'responsibility for one another', as Chomsky contends.   Now that's passivity and obedience.

And, of course, there is this glaring contradiction — if Social Security is such a beneficial social program, that reflects the kindness and compassion of the public at large, why must the government force the public at large to participate?

Chomsky provides a perfect demonstration of Ayn Rand's description of so-called humanitarians in her essay 'Collectivized Ethics', from 'The Virtue of Selfishness' --

http://www.aynrand.org/novels/virtue-of-selfishness
...
Since nature does not guarantee automatic security, success and survival to any human being, it is only the dictatorial presumptuousness and the moral cannibalism of the altruist-collectivist code that permits a man to suppose (or idly to daydream) that he can somehow guarantee such security to some men at the expense of others.

If a man speculates on what “society” should do for the poor, he accepts thereby the collectivist premise that men’s lives belong to society and that he, as a member of society, has the right to dispose of them, to set their goals or to plan the “distribution” of their efforts.

This is the psychological confession implied in such questions and in many issues of the same kind.

At best, it reveals a man’s psycho-epistemological chaos; it reveals a fallacy which may be termed “the fallacy of the frozen abstraction” and which consists of substituting some one particular concrete for the wider abstract class to which it belongs—in this case, substituting a specific ethics (altruism) for the wider abstraction of “ethics.”  Thus, a man may reject the theory of altruism and assert that he has accepted a rational code—but, failing to integrate his ideas, he continues unthinkingly to approach ethical questions in terms established by altruism.

More often, however, that psychological confession reveals a deeper evil: it reveals the enormity of the extent to which altruism erodes men’s capacity to grasp the concept of rights or the value of an individual life; it reveals a mind from which the reality of a human being has been wiped out.

Humility and presumptuousness are always two sides of the same premise, and always share the task of filling the space vacated by self-esteem in a collectivized mentality.  The man who is willing to serve as the means to the ends of others, will necessarily regard others as the means to his ends.  The more neurotic he is or the more conscientious in the practice of altruism (and these two aspects of his psychology will act reciprocally to reinforce each other), the more he will tend to devise schemes “for the good of mankind” or of “society” or of “the public” or of “future generations” —or of anything except actual human beings.

Hence the appalling recklessness with which men propose, discuss and accept “humanitarian” projects which are to be imposed by political means, that is, by force, on an unlimited number of human beings.  If, according to collectivist caricatures, the greedy rich indulged in profligate material luxury, on the premise of “price no object”—then the social progress brought by today’s collectivized mentalities consists of indulging in altruistic political planning, on the premise of “human lives no object.”

The hallmark of such mentalities is the advocacy of some grand scale public goal, without regard to context, costs or means.  Out of context, such a goal can usually be shown to be desirable; it has to be public, because the costs are not to be earned, but to be expropriated; and a dense patch of venomous fog has to shroud the issue of means—because the means are to be human lives.

“Medicare” is an example of such a project.  “Isn’t it desirable that the aged should have medical care in times of illness?” its advocates clamor.  Considered out of context, the answer would be: yes, it is desirable.  Who would have a reason to say no?  And it is at this point that the mental processes of a collectivized brain are cut off; the rest is fog.  Only the desire remains in his sight—it’s the good, isn’t it?—it’s not for myself, it’s for others, it’s for the public, for a helpless, ailing public ... The fog hides such facts as the enslavement and, therefore, the destruction of medical science, the regimentation and disintegration of all medical practice, and the sacrifice of the professional integrity, the freedom, the careers, the ambitions, the achievements, the happiness, the lives of the very men who are to provide that “desirable” goal—the doctors.

After centuries of civilization, most men—with the exception of criminals—have learned that the above mental attitude is neither practical nor moral in their private lives and may not be applied to the achievement of their private goals.  There would be no controversy about the moral character of some young hoodlum who declared: “Isn’t it desirable to have a yacht, to live in a penthouse and to drink champagne?”—and stubbornly refused to consider the fact that he had robbed a bank and killed two guards to achieve that “desirable” goal.

There is no moral difference between these two examples; the number of beneficiaries does not change the nature of the action, it merely increases the number of victims.  In fact, the private hoodlum has a slight edge of moral superiority: he has no power to devastate an entire nation and his victims are not legally disarmed.

It is men’s views of their public or political existence that the collectivized ethics of altruism has protected from the march of civilization and has preserved as a reservoir, a wildlife sanctuary, ruled by the mores of prehistorical savagery.  If men have grasped some faint glimmer of respect for individual rights in their private dealings with one another, that glimmer vanishes when they turn to public issues—and what leaps into the political arena is a caveman who can’t conceive of any reason why the tribe may not bash in the skull of any individual if it so desires.
...


Notice how Rand clearly states that the goals of social welfare programs are never in question — they are always stated in such a way that no reasonable person could possibly disagree — but the consequences of trying to pursue the goal, and the bad outcomes that are likely to result, are never considered —
“Medicare” is an example of such a project.   “Isn’t it desirable that the aged should have medical care in times of illness?” its advocates clamor.  Considered out of context, the answer would be: yes, it is desirable.  Who would have a reason to say no?  And it is at this point that the mental processes of a collectivized brain are cut off; the rest is fog.  Only the desire remains in his sight—it’s the good, isn’t it?—it’s not for myself, it’s for others, it’s for the public, for a helpless, ailing public ...
And notice how perfectly Rand's description in the quote below fits Chomsky, as well as the majority of Americans, who will suggest anything, as long there is some vague pretense that the suggestion is intended to help someone else, regardless of the consequences
Hence the appalling recklessness with which men propose, discuss and accept “humanitarian” projects which are to be imposed by political means, that is, by force, on an unlimited number of human beings.  If, according to collectivist caricatures, the greedy rich indulged in profligate material luxury, on the premise of “price no object”—then the social progress brought by today’s collectivized mentalities consists of indulging in altruistic political planning, on the premise of “human lives no object.”
Rand's description perfectly highlights the contradiction in Chomsky's position.   Chomsky is blatantly absurd in his pretentious moralizing, because as much as he postures as a champion of 'the principle that you care about other people', and that people should not be made to be 'passive and obedient', he supports policies that take individual choice away, by giving power over individuals to government — a government that he routinely denounces.

As a public intellectual, there is no better way to show a lack of concern for people than by giving support for forcing them to be passive and obedient, where they are subjugated to a government that you not only denounce as corrupt,  but insist is   'the leading terrorist state'
     https://www.google.com/search?q=noam+chomsky+leading+terrorist+state
     http://chomsky.info/interviews/200111__02/
     http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/27201-the-leading-terrorist-state

So this begs this painfully obvious question: Why would anyone want the leading terrorist state, as Chomsky puts it, controlling anyone's retirement income?   Who is that supposed to help?

Does Chomsky really want a group of people he calls terrorists controlling the retirement funds of an entire nation?


http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/27201-the-leading-terrorist-state
https://archive.is/t8Nal

The Leading Terrorist State
By Noam Chomsky, Truthout   Monday, 03 November 2014 10:25

"It's official: The U.S. is the world's leading terrorist state, and proud of it."

That should have been the headline for the lead story in The New York Times on Oct. 15, which was more politely titled "CIA Study of Covert Aid Fueled Skepticism About Helping Syrian Rebels."

The article reports on a CIA review of recent U.S. covert operations to determine their effectiveness. The White House concluded that unfortunately successes were so rare that some rethinking of the policy was in order.

The article quoted President Barack Obama as saying that he had asked the CIA to conduct the review to find cases of "financing and supplying arms to an insurgency in a country that actually worked out well. And they couldn't come up with much." So Obama has some reluctance about continuing such efforts.

The first paragraph of the Times article cites three major examples of "covert aid": Angola, Nicaragua and Cuba. In fact, each case was a major terrorist operation conducted by the U.S.

Angola was invaded by South Africa, which, according to Washington, was defending itself from one of the world's "more notorious terrorist groups" - Nelson Mandela's African National Congress. That was 1988.

By then the Reagan administration was virtually alone in its support for the apartheid regime, even violating congressional sanctions to increase trade with its South African ally.

Meanwhile Washington joined South Africa in providing crucial support for Jonas Savimbi's terrorist Unita army in Angola. Washington continued to do so even after Savimbi had been roundly defeated in a carefully monitored free election, and South Africa had withdrawn its support. Savimbi was a "monster whose lust for power had brought appalling misery to his people," in the words of Marrack Goulding, British ambassador to Angola.

The consequences were horrendous. A 1989 U.N. inquiry estimated that South African depredations led to 1.5 million deaths in neighboring countries, let alone what was happening within South Africa itself. Cuban forces finally beat back the South African aggressors and compelled them to withdraw from illegally occupied Namibia. The U.S. alone continued to support the monster Savimbi.

In Cuba, after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, President John F. Kennedy launched a murderous and destructive campaign to bring "the terrors of the earth" to Cuba - the words of Kennedy's close associate, the historian Arthur Schlesinger, in his semiofficial biography of Robert Kennedy, who was assigned responsibility for the terrorist war.

The atrocities against Cuba were severe. The plans were for the terrorism to culminate in an uprising in October 1962, which would lead to a U.S. invasion. By now, scholarship recognizes that this was one reason why Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev placed missiles in Cuba, initiating a crisis that came perilously close to nuclear war. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara later conceded that if he had been a Cuban leader, he "might have expected a U.S. invasion."

American terrorist attacks against Cuba continued for more than 30 years. The cost to Cubans was of course harsh. The accounts of the victims, hardly ever heard in the U.S., were reported in detail for the first time in a study by Canadian scholar Keith Bolender, "Voices From the Other Side: an Oral History of Terrorism Against Cuba," in 2010.

The toll of the long terrorist war was amplified by a crushing embargo, which continues even today in defiance of the world. On Oct. 28, the U.N., for the 23rd time, endorsed "the necessity of ending the economic, commercial, financial blockade imposed by the United States against Cuba." The vote was 188 to 2 (U.S., Israel), with three U.S. Pacific Island dependencies abstaining.

There is by now some opposition to the embargo in high places in the U.S., reports ABC News, because "it is no longer useful" (citing Hillary Clinton's new book "Hard Choices"). French scholar Salim Lamrani reviews the bitter costs to Cubans in his 2013 book "The Economic War Against Cuba."

Nicaragua need hardly be mentioned. President Ronald Reagan's terrorist war was condemned by the World Court, which ordered the U.S. to terminate its "unlawful use of force" and to pay substantial reparations.

Washington responded by escalating the war and vetoing a 1986 U.N. Security Council resolution calling on all states - meaning the U.S. - to observe international law.

Another example of terrorism will be commemorated on Nov. 16, the 25th anniversary of the assassination of six Jesuit priests in San Salvador by a terrorist unit of the Salvadoran army, armed and trained by the U.S. On the orders of the military high command, the soldiers broke into the Jesuit university to murder the priests and any witnesses - including their housekeeper and her daughter.

This event culminated the U.S. terrorist wars in Central America in the 1980s, though the effects are still on the front pages today in the reports of "illegal immigrants," fleeing in no small measure from the consequences of that carnage, and being deported from the U.S. to survive, if they can, in the ruins of their home countries.

Washington has also emerged as the world champion in generating terror. Former CIA analyst Paul Pillar warns of the "resentment-generating impact of the U.S. strikes" in Syria, which may further induce the jihadi organizations Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State toward "repairing their breach from last year and campaigning in tandem against the U.S. intervention by portraying it as a war against Islam."

That is by now a familiar consequence of U.S. operations that have helped to spread jihadism from a corner of Afghanistan to a large part of the world.

Jihadism's most fearsome current manifestation is the Islamic State, or ISIS, which has established its murderous caliphate in large areas of Iraq and Syria.

"I think the United States is one of the key creators of this organization," reports former CIA analyst Graham Fuller, a prominent commentator on the region. "The United States did not plan the formation of ISIS," he adds, "but its destructive interventions in the Middle East and the War in Iraq were the basic causes of the birth of ISIS."

To this we may add the world's greatest terrorist campaign: Obama's global project of assassination of "terrorists." The "resentment-generating impact" of those drone and special-forces strikes should be too well known to require further comment.

This is a record to be contemplated with some awe.

© 2014 Noam Chomsky
Distributed by The New York Times Syndicate


Friday, June 19, 2015

Ayn Rand's 1959 Interview With Mike Wallace

Here is Mike Wallace interviewing Ayn Rand in 1959, on his program 'Night Beat'.   This interview deserves to be viewed and repeated, given how Rand has always been routinely denounced — especially since Rand describes man's proper relation with one another like this —
"  ... I hold that if man wants to live on earth, and to live as a human being, he has to hold reason as an absolute.   By which I mean that he has to hold reason as his only guide to action.   And that he must live by the independent judgment of his own mind.   That his highest moral purpose is the achievement of his own happiness.   And that he must not force other people nor accept their right to force him.   That each man must live as an end in himself and follow his own, rational, self-interest.
  ... I say that man is entitled to his own happiness.  And that he must achieve it himself.   But that he cannot demand that others give up their lives to make him happy.  And nor should he wish to sacrifice himself for the happiness of others.   I hold that man should have self-esteem."
When slavish conformity and psychological dependency are the norm, defending independence becomes controversial.


Mike Wallace interviews Ayn Rand (1959)



Mike Wallace: This is Mike Wallace with another television portrait from our gallery of colorful people.   Throughout the United States, small pockets of intellectuals have become involved in a new and unusual philosophy, which would seem to strike at the very roots of our society.   The fountainhead of this philosophy is a novelist — Ayn Rand — whose two major works, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, have been best sellers.   We'll try to find out more about her revolutionary creed and about Miss Rand herself in just a moment.

And now to our story.   Down through history various political and philosophical movements have sprung up, but most of them have died.   Some, however, like Democracy or Communism, take hold and affect the entire world.   Here in the United States perhaps the most challenging and unusual new philosophy has been forged by a novelist, Ayn Rand.   Miss Rand's point of view is still comparatively unknown in America, but if it ever did take hold it would revolutionize our lives.

And Ayn, to begin with, I wonder if I can ask you to capsulize — I know this is difficult — can I ask you to capsulize your philosophy? What is Randism?

Ayn Rand: First of all, I do not call it Randism, and I don't like that name.   I call it Objectivism ...

Mike Wallace: all right ...

Ayn Rand: ... meaning a philosophy based on objective reality.   Now let me explain it as briefly as I can.

First, my philosophy is based on the concept that reality exists as an objective absolute.   That man's mind, reason, is his means of perceiving it.   And that men need a rational morality.   I am primarily the creator of a new code of morality which has so far been believed impossible.   Namely, a morality not based on faith, not on arbitrary whim, not on emotion, not on arbitrary edict, mystical or social, but on reason.   A morality which can be proved by means of logic.   Which can be demonstrated to be true and necessary.   Now may I define what my morality is, because this is merely an introduction?

My morality is based on man's life as a standard of value.   And since man's mind is his basic means of survival, I hold that if man wants to live on earth, and to live as a human being, he has to hold reason as an absolute.   By which I mean that he has to hold reason as his only guide to action.   And that he must live by the independent judgment of his own mind.   That his highest moral purpose is the achievement of his own happiness.   And that he must not force other people nor accept their right to force him.   That each man must live as an end in himself and follow his own, rational, self-interest.

Mike Wallace: May I interrupt now?

Ayn Rand: You may.

Mike Wallace: Because you bring ... you put this philosophy to work in your novel, Atlas Shrugged.   You demonstrate it, in human terms, in your novel Atlas Shrugged.   And let me start by quoting from a review of this novel, Atlas Shrugged, that appeared in Newsweek.   It said that, "You are out to destroy almost every edifice in the contemporary American way of life.   Our Judeo-Christian religion, our modified, government-regulated capitalism, our rule by the majority will."   Other reviews have said that, "You scorn churches, and the concept of God."   Are these accurate criticisms?

Ayn Rand: Ah ... Yes. I agree with the facts, but not the estimate of this criticism.   Namely, if I am challenging the base of all these institutions, I'm challenging the moral code of altruism.   The precept that man's moral duty is to live for others.   That man must sacrifice himself to others.   Which is the present day morality ...

Mike Wallace: What do you mean by “sacrifice himself for others”?   Now we're getting to the point.

Ayn Rand: ... one moment ... since I'm challenging the base, I necessarily will challenge the institutions you name, which are a result of that morality.   And now what is self-sacrifice?

Mike Wallace: Yes.   What is self-sacrifice?   You say that you do not like the altruism by which we live.   You like a certain kind of 'Ayn Randist' selfishness.

Ayn Rand: I would say that "I don't like" is too weak a word.   I consider it evil.   And self-sacrifice is the precept that man needs to serve others in order to justify his existence.   That his moral duty is to serve others.   That is what most people believe today.

Mike Wallace: Well yes, we're taught to feel concern for our fellow man.   To feel responsible for his welfare.   To feel that we are, as religious people might put it, children under God, and responsible one for the other.   Now why do you rebel?   What's wrong with this philosophy?

Ayn Rand: But that is in fact what makes man a sacrificial animal.   That man must work for others, concern himself with others, or be responsible for them.   That is the role of a sacrificial object.   I say that man is entitled to his own happiness.   And that he must achieve it himself.   But that he cannot demand that others give up their lives to make him happy.   And nor should he wish to sacrifice himself for the happiness of others.   I hold that man should have self-esteem.

Mike Wallace: And cannot man have self-esteem if he loves his fellow man?   What's wrong with loving your fellow man?   Christ, every important moral leader in man's history, has taught us that we should love one another.   Why then is this kind of love in your mind immoral?

Ayn Rand: It is immoral if it is a love placed above oneself.   It is more than immoral, it's impossible.   Because when you are asked to love everybody indiscriminately.   That is to love people without any standard.   To love them regardless of whether they have any value or virtue, you are asked to love nobody.

Mike Wallace: But in a sense, in your book you talk about love as if it were a business deal of some kind.   Isn't the essence of love, that it is above ... above self-interest?

Ayn Rand: Well, let me make it concrete for you.   What would it mean to have a love above self-interest?   It would mean, for instance, that a husband would tell his wife, if he were moral according to the conventional morality, that I am marrying you just for your own sake, I have no personal interest in it, but I'm so unselfish, that I am marrying you only for your own good.   Would any woman like that?

Mike Wallace: Should husbands and wives, Ayn, tally up at the end of the day and say, "Well now wait a minute, I love her if she's done enough for me today, or she loves me if I have properly performed my functions?”

Ayn Rand: Oh no ... you misunderstood me.   That is not how love should be treated.   I agree with you that it should be treated like a business deal.   But every business has to have its own terms and its own kind of currency.   And in love the currency is virtue.   You love people not for what you do for them, or what they do for you.   You love them for their values, their virtues, which they have achieved in their own character.   You don't love causes.   You don't love everybody indiscriminately.   You love only those who deserve it.

Mike Wallace: And then if a man is weak, or a woman is weak, then she is beyond, he is beyond love?

Ayn Rand: He certainly does not deserve it, he certainly is beyond.   He can always correct it.   Man has free will.   If a man wants love he should correct his weaknesses, or his flaws, and he may deserve it.   But he cannot expect the unearned, neither in love, nor in money, neither in matter, nor spirit.

Mike Wallace: You have lived in our world, and you realize, recognize, the fallibility of human beings.   There are very few of us, then, in this world, by your standards, who are worthy of love.

Ayn Rand: Uh unfortunately, yes, very few.   But it is open to everybody, to make themselves worthy of it, and that is all that my morality offers them.   A way to make themselves worthy of love, although that's not the primary motive.

Mike Wallace: Let’s move ahead.   How does your philosophy translate itself into the world of politics?   Now one of the principle achievements of this country in the past 20 years, particularly, I think most people agree, is the gradual growth of social and protective legislation based on the principle that we are our brother's keepers.   How do you feel about the political trends of the United States, the Western world?

Ayn Rand: The way everybody feels, except more consciously.   I feel that it is terrible, that you see destruction all around you, and that you are moving toward disaster until, and unless, all those welfare state conceptions have been reversed and rejected.   It is precisely these trends which are bringing the world to disaster, because we are now moving towards complete collectivism, or socialism.   A system under which everybody is enslaved to everybody, and we are moving that way only because of our altruist morality.

Mike Wallace: Ah...Yes, but you say everybody is enslaved to everybody, yet this came about democratically, Ayn.   A free people in a free country voted for this kind of government, wanted this kind of legislation.   Do you object to the democratic process?

Ayn Rand: I object to the idea that the people have the right to vote on everything.   The traditional American system was a system based on the idea that majority will prevailed only in public or political affairs.   And that it was limited by inalienable individual rights, therefore I do not believe that a majority can vote a man's life, or property, or freedom away from him.   Therefore, I do not believe that if a majority votes on any issue, that this makes the issue right; it doesn't.

Mike Wallace: All right, then how do we arrive at action?   How should we arrive at action?

Ayn Rand: By voluntary consent, voluntary cooperation of free men, unforced.

Mike Wallace: And how do our leaders arrive ... how do we arrive at our leadership?   Who elects, who appoints?

Ayn Rand: The whole people elects.   There is nothing wrong with the democratic process in politics.   We arrive at it the way we arrived by the American Constitution as it used to be.   By the constitutional powers, as we had it,   people elect officials, but the powers of those officials, the powers of government are strictly limited.   They will have no right to initiate force or compulsion against any citizen, except a criminal.   Those who have initiated force will be punished by force, and that is the only proper function of government.   What we would not permit is the government to initiate force against people who have hurt no one, who have not forced anyone.   We would not give the government, or the majority, or any minority, the right to take the life or the property of others.   That was the original American system.

Mike Wallace: When you say, “take the property of others,” I imagine that you are talking now about taxes.

Ayn Rand: Yes I am.

Mike Wallace: And you believe there should be no right by the government to tax.   You believe that there should be no such thing as welfare legislation, unemployment compensation, regulation during times of stress, certain kinds of rent controls, and things like that.

Ayn Rand: That's right.   I'm opposed to all forms of control.   I am for an absolute laissez-faire, free, unregulated economy.   Let me put it briefly.   I'm for the separation of state and economics.   Just as we had separation of state and church, which led to peaceful co-existence among different religions, after a period of religious wars, so the same applies to economics.   If you separate the government from economics, if you do not regulate production and trade, you will have peaceful cooperation, and harmony, and justice among men.

Mike Wallace: You are certainly enough of a political scientist to know that certain movements spring up in reaction to other movements.   The labor movement for instance, certain social welfare legislation.   This did not spring full blown from somebody's head.   I mean, out of a vacuum.   This was a reaction to certain abuses that were going on, isn't that true, Ayn?

Ayn Rand: Not always.   It actually sprang up from the same source as the abuses.   If by abuses you mean the legislation which, originally, had been established to help industrialists, which was already a breach of complete free enterprise.   If then, in reaction, labor leaders get together to initiate legislation to help labor, that is only acting on the same principle — namely, all parties agreeing that it is proper for the state to legislate in favor of one economic group or another.   What I'm saying is that nobody should have the right, neither employers nor employees, to use state compulsion and force for their own interests.

Mike Wallace: When you advocate completely unregulated economic life in which every man works for his own profit, you are asking in a sense for a devil-take-the-hindmost, dog-eat-dog society, and one of the main reasons for the growth of government controls was to fight the robber barons, to fight laissez-faire, in which the very people whom you admire the most, Ayn, the hard-headed industrialists, the successful men, perverted the use of their power.   Is that not true?

Ayn Rand: No, it isn't. This country was made not by robber barons, but by independent men, by industrialists, who succeeded on sheer ability.   By ability, I mean without political force, help, or compulsion.   But at the same time there were men, industrialists, who did use government power as a club to help them against competitors.   They were the original collectivists.   Today, the liberals believe that the same compulsion should be used against the industrialists for the sake of workers, but the basic principle there is: "Should there be any compulsion?"   And the regulations are creating robber barons, they are creating capitalists with government help, which is the worst of all economic phenomenon.

Mike Wallace: Ayn, I think that you will agree with me when I say that you do not have a good deal of respect for the society in which you and I currently live.   You think that we're going downhill fairly fast.   Now I would like you to think about this question, and you'll have a minute intermission to ponder it and then come back and answer it, "Do you predict dictatorship and economic disaster for the United States if we continue on our present course? Do you?"   And we'll get Ayn Rand's answer in just a moment.

And now back to our story.   All right, Ayn Rand, what I'd like to know is this: since you describe it as happening in your novel Atlas Shrugged, do you actually predict dictatorship and economic disaster for the United States?

Ayn Rand: If the present collectivist trend continues, if the present anti-reason philosophy continues, yes, that is the way the country is going.   But, I do not believe in historical determinism, and I do not believe that people have to go that way.   Men have the free will to choose and to think.   If they change their thinking we do not have to go into dictatorship.

Mike Wallace: Yes, but how can you expect to reverse this trend, when, as we've said, the country is run by majority rule, through ballot, and that majority seems to prefer to vote for this modified welfare state?

Ayn Rand: Oh, I don't believe that.   You know as well as I do that the majority today has no choice.   The majority has never been offered a choice between controls and freedom.

Mike Wallace: How do you account for the fact that an almost overwhelming majority of the people, who are regarded as our leading intellectuals, and our leading industrialists, the men whom you seem to admire the most, the men with the muscle and the money, favor the modified capitalism that we have today?

Ayn Rand: Ah...because it is an intellectual issue.   Since they all believe in collectivism, they do favor it, but the majority of the people has never been given a choice.   You know that both parties today are for socialism, in effect, for controls, and there is no party, there are no voices, to offer an actual, pro-capitalist, laissez-faire, economic freedom, and individualism. That is what this country needs today.

Mike Wallace: Isn't it possible that they all, we all, believe in it because we are all basically lonely people, and we all understand that we are basically our brother's keepers?

Ayn Rand: You couldn't say that you really understand it, because there is no way in which you could justify it.   Nobody has ever given a reason why men should be their brother's keepers, and you've had every example, and you see the examples around you, of men perishing by the attempt to be their brother's keepers.

Mike Wallace: You have no faith in anything.

Ayn Rand: Faith .... no.

Mike Wallace: Only in your mind ...

Ayn Rand: That is not faith.   That is a conviction. Yes ... I have no faith at all, I only hold convictions.

Mike Wallace: Who are you, Ayn Rand?   When I say that, I would like to know just a little bit of your vital statistics.   You have an accent, which is?

Ayn Rand: Russian.

Mike Wallace: You were born in Russia?

Ayn Rand: Yes.

Mike Wallace: Came here?

Ayn Rand: Oh, about 30 years ago.

Mike Wallace: And whence did this philosophy of yours come?

Ayn Rand: Out of my own mind, with the sole acknowledgement of a debt to Aristotle, who is the only philosopher that ever influenced me.   I devised the rest of my philosophy myself.

Mike Wallace: Your parents; did they die in Russia, or did they come here to the United States?

Ayn Rand: No, I came here alone, and I don't know, I have no way of finding out, whether they died or not.

Mike Wallace: You are married?

Ayn Rand: Yes.

Mike Wallace: Your husband, is he an industrialist?

Ayn Rand: No, he's an artist.   His name is Frank O'Conner.

Mike Wallace: And he ... not the writer ...

Ayn Rand: He paints.   No, not the writer.

Mike Wallace: Does he live from his painting?

Ayn Rand: He's just beginning to study painting.   He was a designer before.

Mike Wallace: Is he supported in his efforts by the ... by the state?

Ayn Rand: Most certainly not.

Mike Wallace: He's supported by you for the time being?

Ayn Rand: No, by his own work, actually, in the past.   By me if necessary, but that isn't quite necessary.

Mike Wallace: There is no contradiction here, in that you help him?

Ayn Rand: No, because you see I am in love with him selfishly.   It is to my own interest to help him if he ever needed it.   I would not call that a sacrifice, because I take selfish pleasure in it.

Mike Wallace: Let me put one specific case to you.   Suppose under your system of self-sufficiency, one single corporation were to get a stranglehold on a vital product, or a raw material, uranium for instance, which might be vital to the national defense, and then would refuse to sell it to the government.   Then what?

Ayn Rand: Under a free system no one could acquire a monopoly on anything.   If you look at economics, and economic history, you will discover that all monopolies have been established with government help, with the help of franchises, subsidies, or any kind of government privileges.   In free competition no one could corner the market on a needed product.   History will support me.

Mike Wallace: Ayn let's say there is a deposit of uranium in Nevada, it's the only one in the United States, and it's our only access to that, and for self-defense we need this.   Whereas, let's say in the Soviet Union, the state is able to command that.   And if kind of a strange man, of strange beliefs, got a hold of this uranium, and said, "I will not sell this uranium to my government."   He should not be able to be forced by the government (according to your philosophy) to sell that uranium?

Ayn Rand: But you realize that you are setting up an impossible fantasy.   That is, if you are talking of any natural resource, that is vitally needed, it could not become vitally needed if it were that scarce.   Not scarce to the point where one man could control all of it.   So long as — I'm using your example — if a natural resource exists in more than one place in the world, no one man is going to control it.

Mike Wallace: All right, let's take another. How do we build roads, sanitation facilities, hospitals, schools?   If you are not ... if the government is not permitted to force, if you will, by vote, taxation — I'll use your word — we have to depend upon the trickle down theory, upon the noblesse oblige, the largess.

Ayn Rand: I will answer you by asking you a question.   Who pays for all those things?

Mike Wallace: All of us pay for these things.

Ayn Rand: When you admit that you want to take money, by force, from someone and ask me how are we going to build hospitals, or roads, you admit that someone is producing the money, the wealth, that will make those roads possible.   Now, you have no right to tell the man who produced the wealth, in what way you want him to spend it.   If you need his money, you can obtain it only by his voluntary consent.

Mike Wallace: And you believe in the eventual goodwill of all human beings, or at least that top echelon of human beings, whom you believe will give willingly ...

Ayn Rand: No goodwill is necessary, only self-interest.   I believe in private roads, private post offices, private schools.

Mike Wallace: When industry breaks down momentarily, and there is unemployment, mass unemployment, we should not be permitted to get unemployment insurance, social security we do not need.   We'll depend upon the self-interest of these enlightened industrialists whom you so admire, to take care of things when the economy needs a little lubrication and there are millions of people out of work.

Ayn Rand: Study economics; a free economy will not break down.   All depressions are caused by government interference, and the cure is always offered, so far, to take more of the poisons that caused the disaster.   Depressions are not a result of a free economy.

Mike Wallace: Ayn, one last question, we only have about a half a minute. How many Randists, you don't like the word, I beg your pardon.

Ayn Rand: Objectivists.

Mike Wallace: How many objectivsts would you say they are in the United States?

Ayn Rand: It's hard to estimate, but I can tell you some figures.   My best intellectual heir, Nathaniel Branden, a young psychologist, is giving a series of lectures on my philosophy in New York.   He has received 600 letters of inquiry within the month of January.   He is giving these lectures and attendance is growing in geometrical proportion.

Mike Wallace: Ayn, I'm sure that you have stimulated a good many people, more people than already have, to read your book Atlas Shrugged, and The Fountainhead, and I'm equally sure they will be stimulated for the reading, indeed, if they do not agree.

Ayn Rand: Thank you.

Mike Wallace: Thank you very much.

Mike Wallace: I'll be back in a moment with my personal footnote to the story of Ayn Rand.

Mike Wallace: As we said at the outset, "If Ayn Rand's ideas were ever to take hold, they would revolutionize the world."   And to those who would reject her philosophy, Miss Rand hurls this challenge.   She has said, "For the past 2000 years the world has been dominated by other philosophies.   Look around you, consider the results.”   We thank Ayn Rand for adding her portrait to our gallery.   One of the people other people are interested in.

Mike Wallace ... Good Bye.



Saturday, June 13, 2015

Theodicy

Here is a short sample of passages from the Christian Bible —

http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/index.htm

Exodus 21:20 - 21   (you can beat your slaves, provided they survive for a day following the beating)
And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.

Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

Leviticus 24:11 - 14   (death by stoning for blasphemy)
And the Israealitish woman's son blasphemed the name of the Lord, and cursed.   And they brought him unto Moses: ...

And they put him in ward, that the mind of the LORD might be shewed them.

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

Bring forth him that hath cursed without the camp; and let all that heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let ALL the CONGREGATION STONE him.

Leviticus 24:16   (reiterating, death by stoning for blasphemy)
And he that blasphemeth the name of the LORD, he shall surely be PUT TO DEATH, and all the congregation shall certainly STONE HIM: as well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, when he blasphemeth the name of the LORD, shall be PUT TO DEATH.

Deuteronomy 7:1 - 2   (genocide)
When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou;

And when the LORD thy God shall deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and UTTERLY DESTROY them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, NOR shew mercy unto them:

Deuteronomy 7:16   (more genocide)
And thou shalt CONSUME ALL THE PEOPLE which the LORD thy God shall deliver thee; thine eye shall have NO PITY upon them : neither shalt thou serve their gods; for that will be a snare unto thee.

Deuteronomy 22:13 - 21   (death by stoning for wives who are not virgins prior to marriage)
If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her,

And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found her not a maid:

Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the DAMSEL'S VIRGINITY unto the elders of the city in the gate:

And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her;

And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity.   And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him;

And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days.

But if this thing be TRUE, and the TOKENS of VIRGINITY be not found for the damsel:

Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall STONE HER with stones THAT SHE DIE: because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the whore in her father's house: so shalt thou put evil away from among you.

Mark 4:10 - 12   (the Bible is deliberately confusing to maximize the number of 'unforgiven')
And when he was alone, they that were about him with the twelve asked of him the parable.

And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these things are done in parables:

That seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest at any time they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them.

Luke 19:27   (kill unbelievers)
But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and SLAY THEM before me.

Ephesians 6:5   (slaves should obey their masters)
Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ;

1 Timothy 6:1 - 2   (slaves should honor their masters)
Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honour, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed.

And they that have believing masters, let them not despise them, because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they are faithful and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and exhort.



Such passages (among many others) prompted Thomas Paine to write 'The Age of Reason' in 1794, as a challenge to the legitimacy of the Christian Bible.  Here is a brief summary of Paine's view of the Bible —

https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/p/paine/thomas/p147a/part1.html

      Whenever we read the obscene stories, the voluptuous debaucheries, the cruel and torturous executions, the unrelenting vindictiveness, with which more than half the Bible is filled, it would be more consistent that we called it the word of a demon, than the word of God.   It is a history of wickedness, that has served to corrupt and brutalize mankind; and, for my part, I sincerely detest it, as I detest everything that is cruel.
      We scarcely meet with anything, a few phrases excepted, but what deserves either our abhorrence or our contempt, till we come to the miscellaneous parts of the Bible.   In the anonymous publications, the Psalms, and the Book of Job, more particularly in the latter, we find a great deal of elevated sentiment reverentially expressed of the power and benignity of the Almighty; but they stand on no higher rank than many other compositions on similar subjects, as well before that time as since.
      — Thomas Paine, 'The Age of Reason'


Because so much of the Bible is so blatantly at odds with any even simple conception of justice and decency, and because pointless death and destruction are a feature of human existence, statements regarding theodicy are commonplace among religious believers.

'Theodicy' is generally defined as a defense of the benevolence and omnipotence of God, given the existence of evil.  Supposedly, G.W. Leibniz coined the term 'theodicy' back in the early 1700's, in his work 'Essays of theodicy on the goodness of God, the freedom of man and the origin of evil'.

The problem of evil is typically stated something like this —
If God is not aware of the existence of evil, then God is not omniscient.
If God is aware of the existence of evil, but cannot stop it, then God is not omnipotent.
If God is aware of the existence of evil and able to stop it, but chooses not to, then God is not benevolent.
The essays Leibniz wrote on theodicy are essentially a long winded collection of fallacies — mainly begging the question, and the argument from ignorance.  Ultimately, Leibniz simply assumes something called 'God' is perfect, and that no human critic can ever have the knowledge required to make valid judgments regarding the nature of existence — of course, this is also obviously self-contradictory, since if it is impossible for man to have the knowledge required to call a God's work evil, then it also impossible for man to have the knowledge required to call a God's work good.

That is, if man does not have the knowledge required to judge a God's work as evil, on what basis can any human being call a God's work good?   Compared to what?   Leibniz assumes all negative evaluations of God must be invalid from ignorance, and so nothing can be called evil, and he then proceeds to make his own evaluation, as if he alone is somehow in possession of the required knowledge.

Here is just one example from 'Essays of theodicy on the goodness of God, the freedom of man and the origin of evil'  where Leibniz uses this approach --

https://ia601400.us.archive.org/29/items/theodicy17147gut/17147-h/17147-h.htm
https://ia601400.us.archive.org/29/items/theodicy17147gut/17147-h/17147-h.htm#page248
...
194. Yet philosophers and theologians dare to support dogmatically such a belief; and I have many times wondered that gifted and pious persons should have been capable of setting bounds to the goodness and the perfection of God.   For to assert that he knows what is best, that he can do it and that he does it not, is to avow that it rested with his will only to make the world better than it is; but that is what one calls lacking goodness.   It is acting against that axiom already quoted: Minus bonum habet rationem mali.   If some adduce experience to prove that God could have done better, they set themselves up as ridiculous critics of his works.  To such will be given the answer given to all those who criticize God's course of action, and who from this same assumption, that is, the alleged defects of the world, would infer that there is an evil God, or at least a God neutral between good and evil.  And if we hold the same opinion as King Alfonso, we shall, I say, receive this answer: You have known the world only since the day before yesterday, you see scarce farther than your nose, and you carp at the world.   Wait until you know more of the world and consider therein especially the parts which present a complete whole (as do organic bodies); and you will find there a contrivance and a beauty transcending all imagination.   Let us thence draw conclusions as to the wisdom and the goodness of the author of things, even in things that we know not.   We find in the universe some things which are not pleasing to us; but let us be aware that it is not made for us alone.   It is nevertheless made for us if we are wise: it will serve us if we use it for our service; we shall be happy in it if we wish to be.
...


After every natural disaster, similar rationalizations can be found in print or online, which attempt to reconcile the notion of a benevolent God with pointless widespread suffering.

It is obvious why — such pointless suffering is devastating to the notion of a benevolent God.  Any sane person, who fully comprehends the implications of the notion of an omnipotent and omniscient creator, should find it incredibly disturbing to actually be confronted with hard evidence that such a being exists — since the inescapable conclusion from such a being actually existing is that the universe is malevolent.

That is, if an omnipotent being actually created the universe, then the death and destruction that are a normal part of human existence were created deliberately, by design.   This conclusion follows by necessity from the common claim that 'God' is 'all-powerful' and 'designed'  the universe.   To the degree that this is true, murder, rape, torture, genocide, plagues, natural disasters, etc., are all deliberately chosen outcomes of the designer.

Some religious believers attempt to escape this obviously devastating conclusion by claiming that even though God designed and created the universe and man, the universe is like a 'clockwork' and man has 'free will', and so God does not control, and, therefore, is not responsible for specific individual events.

But adding this indirection does nothing to escape the conclusion that the universe is malevolent, if it were designed — since God could have just as easily designed both the 'clockwork'  universe and man's 'free will'  to eliminate the suffering that is so commonplace.

For comparison, consider this example: If someone were to build a machine gun, and rig it up in a normally crowded public place with the trigger controlled by a barometer, such that the gun would fire in random directions whenever the barometric pressure was above or below certain values, no reasonable person would consider that person 'not responsible'  for the deaths that ensued, because the machine gun is a clockwork and no one controls the weather.   That individual created the conditions which ultimately made death an inevitability, and so they are responsible for any deaths caused by their clockwork, even given that they did not pick specific victims.   And so if God is responsible for creation, then God is responsible for the nature of all existence, including the outcomes determined by that nature — since it is God's design.

But the responsibility of God is even greater, given the commonly held view that God is 'all-knowing' (omniscient) — which means that God selects all outcomes.   If this were not the case, God could not be called omniscient, since the future must be determined for it to be known in advance.

This is where it really gets nasty.  Consider the disease 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia', which is most common in childhood, and is supposedly the second most common form of cancer in infants under the age of 12 months.  If you are fully convinced that there is an omnipotent and omniscient God, then the following conclusion is inescapable: God not only selected, but created particular children specifically for torture.

For more details on God's propensity for killing children, see Gregory S. Paul's study entitled 'Theodicy’s Problem: A Statistical Look at the Holocaust of the Children and the Implications of Natural Evil for the Free Will and Best of All Possible Worlds Hypotheses'.   Paul estimates that only a small fraction of female pregnancies lead to a mature adult —

http://www.gspauldino.com/Philosophy&Theology.pdf
http://www.gspaulscienceofreligion.com/gsptecharticles.html
...
Microbial diseases are easily the leading cause of death among children.   Malaria has probably killed more youngsters than any other single cause, perhaps 20 billion (Finkel 2007).   Other top infectious diseases include smallpox, typhoid, plaque, scarlet fever, yellow fever, cholera, influenza, rubella, tetanus, and rabies.   The situation is so acute that a microbial war is being waged upon immature humans (Barnes 2005; Demeny and McNicoll 2003).   Because their immune systems are immature, infants and children are exceptionally susceptible to being infected and killed; only the elderly are comparably defenseless.   In general, diseases kill their victims—who usually remain conscious during much of the symptomatic period and death process—over an extended period of time ranging from days to years, and with extreme levels of discomfort ranging up to the highest levels of agony.   Fear of death often adds to the mental distress.   For 99.9 percent of history, adults have lacked the basic knowledge base to take steps—some relatively uncomplicated, such as sanitation, including water sterilization—to protect their offspring.   Serious birth defects, some physical deformities, others less obvious, such as cystic fibrosis, afflict about one in sixteen children; they are often so severe that they lead to early death.   Over all, childhood diseases have undoubtedly killed tens of billions.
...

Summary of Statistical Results
If a creator exists, then it has chosen to fashion a habitat that has maximized the level of suffering and death among young humans that are due to factors beyond the control of humans over most of their history.   As a consequence, only a small fraction of conceptions have reached the age of majority.   The number of unborn and children who have died due to natural causes is literally thousands of times larger than those killed by the actions of human dictators.   There is no convincing evidence that a creator has favored any particular population, Christian or otherwise, over others during human history in terms of their natural levels of mortality.   Requesting aid from the creator has not been effective despite the tremendous scale of the attempt.
...


It would be perversely fascinating to hear anyone who would rationalize God's supposed benevolence like Leibniz, explain how a dying infant could possibly be part of some larger good.

It is impossible to avoid this obvious consequence of the commonly held belief in God — if God is omnipotent, God is responsible for the existence of all disease, and if God is omniscient, God has determined who will be infected, who will suffer the most, and who will be cured — if any.   Keep this in mind the next time you are suffering for any reason — since an omnipotent God must control all suffering, that God has deliberately singled you out.

Religious believers can't have it both ways.   The commonplace description of 'God' is self-contradictory, just as the phrases 'a square circle' and 'a married bachelor' are self-contradictory — it is impossible for any of these things to actually exist, since they have mutually exclusive contradictory characteristics.   If a God actually created all of existence, then that God is either somewhat ignorant or impotent — or malevolent.   To argue otherwise, one is forced to engage in sloppy sophistry in the style of Leibniz, where all human misery magically becomes inscrutable, and, by necessity, evil does not exist.

For myself, I find it comforting that there is no hard evidence to demonstrate the existence of a supreme being, precisely because if the universe were actually designed by a supreme being, then that supreme being would be a horrible monster.

Sunday, June 7, 2015

Yellow Journalism, Geraldo Style

The phrase 'yellow journalism'  was supposedly coined in the 1890's to describe poorly researched reporting that had little newsworthy value.

For example, here is an episode of the 'Geraldo'  show from November 3, 1988, that is not worth watching — that is, unless you enjoy seeing a black man lose his temper in response to the stupid racial comments of white supremacists.   Since Geraldo organized and encouraged  the confrontation in this episode to titillate the audience, it seems fitting that he was injured (his nose was broken) in the brawl that erupted with his guests during the taping — as they say, 'if you play with fire, you get burned'
     http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1213747/
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRhozMihpWs

Here is how the New York Times described that episode of Geraldo's former show —

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/04/nyregion/geraldo-rivera-s-nose-broken-in-scuffle-on-his-talk-show.html

Geraldo Rivera's Nose Broken In Scuffle on His Talk Show
Published: November 4, 1988
Geraldo Rivera's nose was broken and his face cut during a skirmish yesterday midway through the taping of a program entitled ''Teen Hatemongers'' on his television talk show.

The violence broke out after John Metzger, a 20-year-old guest representing the White Aryan Resistance Youth, insulted a black guest, Roy Innis, calling him an ''Uncle Tom.''

''I'm sick and tired of Uncle Tom here, sucking up and trying to be a white man,'' Mr. Metzger said of Mr. Innis, the national chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality. Mr. Innis stood up and began choking the white youth and Mr. Rivera and audience members joined the scuffle, hurling chairs, throwing punches and shouting epithets. 'Racist Thugs Are Like Roaches'

No other injuries were reported and no one was arrested, the police said.

''These racist thugs are like roaches who scurry in the light of exposure,'' Mr. Rivera said after the brawl. As Mr. Rivera scuffled with one of the white supremacists, another hit him in the shoulder with a chair and then smashed his nose with a roundhouse punch from behind.

Mr. Rivera, who used to be an amateur boxer, decided not to go to the hospital because he had two more shows to tape. Emergency Medical Services paramedics pronounced his nose broken, the show's executive producer said.

Mr. Rivera said he would not press charges. ''I do not want to be tied up with the roaches,'' he explained.

He said he approved of Mr. Innis' actions, noting that ''if there ever was a case of deserved violence, this was it.'' Innis Scuffled on Air Before
...

Other guests on ''Geraldo'' yesterday included Bob Heick, director of the American Front, and Michael Palasch, director of the Skinheads of National Resistance. They and Mr. Metzger were thrown out of the building by security guards after the fracas.

Mr. Innis, 54, said later, ''I was just trying to cool things down quickly and end the verbal assault against me. I wanted to avoid a Sharpton-like confrontation.
...


Here is Geraldo on Fox News in March 2011, describing that same episode of his former show, after the murder of a prominent white supremacist skinhead named David Lynch —

In that clip, in reference to the brawl on his former show, Geraldo states that he met David Lynch more than 20 years ago (1988), when Lynch 'helped precipitate this infamous studio brawl on my old talk show'.

But notice that David Lynch was not on the panel of that episode of the Geraldo show in 1988.   As written in the New York Times piece above, and as shown in the clip above, the brawl began when John Metzger was choked by Roy Innis, after referring to him as an 'Uncle Tom'.

For reference, here are the three time points in the original episode, showing the names of the three white supremacists on the panel, John Metzger, Michael Palasch, and Bob Heick —
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRhozMihpWs&start=820
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRhozMihpWs&start=772
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRhozMihpWs&start=1010

There isn't anything particularly interesting here — it's obvious that people like to be titillated, and that this kind of useless content is market driven, but the more important point is the demonstration that even a prominent reporter with years of experience can have difficulty keeping even a simple set of facts straight.

It's revealing that even when Geraldo orchestrates a particular event and directly participates, he still does not report the facts of that event correctly.

Keep this trivial example in mind the next time you are watching a news story that required careful research.